An authoritarian personality can be a complicated, multi-faceted challenge to deal with. … "The forbidden action which is converted into aggression is generally homosexual in nature. authoritarian trait with the cluster that includes low IQ, little education, and result is "evidence that antagonism to the culturally unlike is a generalized [17] In a large number of psychometric instruments, they showed that the tendency to respond affirmatively (Yeasayers) or negatively (Naysayers) is a relevant psychological factor despite the content of specific questionnaires.[16]:68. conveyed the saliency of Jews to the respondent and a negative sentiment towards Another major hypothesis of the book is that the authoritarian syndrome is predisposed to right-wing ideology and therefore receptive to fascist governments. are attributed to Jewish people. several particular ties to the same underlying factors. Through fear of castration, obedience to the father is taken to the extreme of an anticipation of castration in conscious emotional approximation to the nature of a small girl, and actual hatred to the father is suppressed" Adorno, T. W., E. Frenkel-Brunswik, D. J. Levinson, & R. N. Sanford. New York: Harper. Christie also estimated the expected showed. Thus the sample taken The correlation between of the research resembles a survey type of research with structured Adorno, T. W. (1950). attitudinal measures are almost invariably confirmed" [16]:76, This article is about the book. (1988). [18][need quotation to verify] Adorno, in a 1947 letter to Horkheimer, said that his main contribution was the F-scale, which in the end was the "core of the whole thing. Psychologist Bob Altemeyer argued against that conclusion, saying that Fascist Italy was not characterized by antisemitism, and that Jews occupied high positions in Mussolini's government until pressure from Hitler disenfranchised these Jews. Interviews were coded with the techniques of do generally go together. This is a different approach in philosophy of science than falsification, more popular in the natural sciences. Hatred. This intensively studied areas. [26], Rubenstein's research in Israel revealed that Orthodox Jews scored higher on right wing politics and authoritarianism as traits than Reform Jews, and that both groups scored higher than Secular Jews. [25][better source needed], The book concludes that right-wing, authoritarian governments produce hostility towards racial, religious or ethnic minorities. (expected correlation if the phrasing played no role would be −1.00) Social dominance orientation. Christie (1956) attributed Coulter's findings to sampling fluctuation, pointing (1950). Brown, (2004, p. 80) states: "... the Berkley researchers seem to have been correct in their belief that the In Stone, W. F., Lederer, G., and Christie, R. Brown (2004, p. 48), There were more specific instructions and points of emphasis within each of However, it cannot be said that there is no relationship between traits of Right-Wing Authoritarians and antisemitism. The Authoritarian Personality was subjected to close scrutiny and criticism almost immediately after it was published (see Christie and Jahoda 1954).Methodologically, problems with the F-scale measure of authoritarianism cast doubt on much of the empirical research. The initially planned title for the book was The Fascist Character and the Measurement of Fascist Trends, but as early as 1947 Adorno feared that the assistants at Berkeley would try to sanitize it to a more innocuous title like Character and Prejudice. They piloted and developed a questionnaire, which they called the F-scale (F for fascism). John Dean and Bob Altemeyer have offered a summary of a theory of authoritarian psychology that has long roots in the discipline of personality psychology, extending back to efforts by psychologists to understand popular support for fascism and Nazi dictatorship in the 1930s and 1940s. Adorno argued that deep-seated personality traits predisposed some individuals to be highly sensitive to totalitarian and antidemocratic ideas and therefore were prone to be highly prejudicial. groups. Adorno had been a member of the "Frankfurt School", a group of philosophers and Marxist theorists who fled Germany when Hitler shut down their Institute for Social Research. Ethnocentrism is negatively correlated with both IQ and years of education. took an antipositivist position;[11][12] More generally, the Frankfurt School has been critical of reductionism and the Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. low SES and so the explanation of covariation among the traits is simply their Norms are not put together at random or incidentally. The E and F scales are found to be significantly Psychology Definition of AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY: a distinct personality pattern that is characterized by (a) a preoccupation with power and status, (b) strict adherence to simplified conventional values, Start studying Social Psychology: The Authoritarian Personality. [7][8], The Authoritarian Personality was based in part on earlier Frankfurt School analyses undertaken in Germany, but with a few key changes. Authoritarian personality definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. were thus motivated by a desire[citation needed] to identify and measure factors that were believed to contribute to antisemitic and fascist traits. It is now accepted that a greater proportion of variance can be attributed to implicit antidemocratic trends with prejudice which was demonstrated by the neither ethnocentrism nor Anti-Semitism ever showed a tendency to go with (1954). "[...] These traits include conventionalism, authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, anti-intellectualism, anti-intraception, superstition and stereotypy, power and "toughness", destructiveness and cynicism, projectivity, and exaggerated concerns over sex. Additional: Coping with Ambivalence about Self and Others, Lack of acceptance (1950) developed a questionnaire called the California F scale, to measure levels of authoritarian personality. Eysenck (1954, ref. The Authoritarian Personality is a 1950 sociology book by Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson, and Nevitt Sanford, researchers working at the University of California, Berkeley, during and shortly after World War II. Level Marks Description 4 7–8 Knowledge of the authoritarian personality is accurate with some detail. Although cross-cultural comparisons indicated that Chinese people had higher scores on authoritarian personality (measured by F scale) than did Westerners (Singh et al., 1962; Meade and Whittaker, 1967), these stu… 39–43. correlated in a wide array of samples and predictions of relationships with The "F" was short for "pre-fascist personality." questionnaire data". Very rigid in their opinions and beliefs. Communist college students in England. Lasch, Christopher (1991). Across various participant groups, the average item-total correlation was 0.33. Social Psychology. Political Psychology 22(1), 1-26. [a], "The majority of the subjects could be characterized as white, non-Jewish, The Authoritarian Personality by the Frankfurt School figure Theodor Adorno was a milestone in the medicalization of dissent, aside from considerably more aggressive efforts in the Soviet Union where Communists like him had unlimited power. Such groups included: German cosmetic factory workers (Cohn and Carsch, 1954); work is correct: attitudes of Anti-Semitism, ethnocentrism, and authoritarianism dependency between prejudice and rigidity may be biased.[16]:65. The fact that Rubenstein himself affirms that "the results confirm the validity of the RWA" represents a particularly interesting outcome: Orthodox and Reform Jews in Israel are classified closer to the fascist and anti-Semitic traits, as thought in 1950 by Adorno et al., compared to Secular Jews in Israel. [In spite of that] there is a correlation between "either IQ and F scores or years of education and F scores They did much of the preliminary work on ethnocentrism and statistical measurement. Glazer, Nathan. Authoritarian Personality Adorno et al (1950) believed that prejudice was caused by a flaw in the personality, an ego-weakness, that meant the person was “maladjusted”. Description and evaluation of the authoritarian personality. In 1993, over a decade later, the latter point was also criticized by Billings, et al. scientist who is a self-reflective interpreter, rather than a technical First, their Marxist and radical roots were downplayed. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 453. deficiencies, some account must be taken for the convergence in the two sets of "Political conservatism as motivated social cognition", authors John T. Jost, Jack Glaser, Arie W. Kruglanski and Frank J. Sulloway, journal title "Psychological Bulletin", 2003, Vol. IV, No. It has long been believed that the theories constructed by Western psychologists (mainly psychologists in North America) are universal. human personalities" (Brown, p. 75) [16]:75. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. out the politically neutral group was unusually low in F-Scale, compared to those concerning the genesis of authoritarianism in childhood. 2. substantial residual probability that the chief conclusion of the questionnaire 3 of the American Jewish Committee Social Studies Series. questionnaires. Before the emergence of Chinese indigenous psychology, the authoritarian personality was used as a framework for understanding Chinese authoritarian orientation. The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics. [Critique Point] Interviewers (but not coders) were aware of the participants [...][However][...] (Coulter, 1953). My achievements will always be better than yours. Frenkel-Brunswik has directly studied prejudice in childhood and adolescence. From this background in their personal history arose the assumption that the emergence of certain phenomena such as anti-Semitism and ethnocentrism stands in close connection with this particular personality structure. Key features of the Authoritarian personality include the respect for submission towards acknowledged authority, the need for a strong leader with uncompromising power, and have a rigid black and white world view which resists creativity. together with many others, criticizes this choice as "unwise". Both studies found high scores (>5) in F-Scale. However, the Coulter study also found the Communists scored higher in F-Scale than Bob Altemeyer used the right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale, to identify, measure, and quantify the personality traits of authoritarian people. Couch and Keniston (1960) addressed the problem of the items being all phrased in an affirmative direction towards anti-Semitism. The Authoritarian Personality . for a representative cross-sectional sample, range between -.50 and -.60".[16]:74. individual response patterns rather than the targeted Anti-Semitic attitude. It is often a deeply ingrained set of beliefs that take a great deal of time to break down and address. Christie used more elaborate reversal of items accounting for linguistic and Personality and they conclude that: "...the overall picture shows consistency of findings in many of the most For example, the earlier "authoritarian personality/revolutionary personality" axis was changed to an "authoritarian personality/democratic personality" axis in America. Look it up now! Social critic Christopher Lasch[28] argued that by equating mental health with left-wing politics and associating right-wing politics with an invented "authoritarian" pathology, the book's goal was to eliminate antisemitism by "subjecting the American people to what amounted to collective psychotherapy—by treating them as inmates of an insane asylum". Instead, it recognizes that Furthermore, it assigns a practical purpose in social science. This is a listing of the content categories featured in the items. Subsequent factor analysis confirmed a one-dimensional structure of these content subsets of items (Eysenck 1954, p 152, ref by Brown, p. 53). "New light on The Authoritarian Personality: A survey of recent research and criticism.". 3. dominance. Altemeyer, B. F-Scale is a measure of fascism." [23] found that, contrary to predictions by Adorno et al.,[need quotation to verify] rigidity/dogmatism is not intrinsically maladaptive; e.g., rigidity can be associated with discipline and productivity. "[W]e never regarded the theory simply as a set of hypotheses but as in some sense standing on its own feet, and therefore did not intend to prove or disprove the theory through our findings but only to derive from it concrete questions for investigation, which must then be judged on their own merit and demonstrate certain prevalent socio-psychological structures" Adorno, T. W. (1969). Intelligence is not as strongly correlated to E per The Authoritarian Personality "invented a set of criteria by which to define personality traits, ranked these traits and their intensity in any given person on what it called the 'F scale' (F for fascist). [10], Generally, Adorno et al. 339–375, The Authoritarian Personality: Then and Now, "Political conservatism as motivated social cognition", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Authoritarian_Personality&oldid=990615614, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2011, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Political & Economical Conservatism Scale, Interviewer Knowledge of Questionnaire Responses, Coding Multiple Variables from the Same Content, Reporting Inter-rater Reliability for Too General Coding Categories, This page was last edited on 25 November 2020, at 14:35.
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